Have you noticed changes in the strength, weight or energy levels of a loved one? Are they experiencing increased fatigue or falls? If so, they may be experiencing frailty.

Frailty is a medical condition that reduces the body’s ability to recover from stress. This makes people more susceptible to falls, minor illnesses and infections and complications following surgery.

Frailty affects one in four people over the age of 65. It is not one specific illness but a slow decline across multiple systems in the body that can include the bones, muscles, immune system and digestion.

Frailty can increase the risk of hospitalisation and premature death.

While many people view frailty as a normal part of aging, experts say this is not the case. They say incorporating strategies to age well earlier in life can reduce your risk.

So, what are the signs of frailty and how can we reduce the risk of becoming frail as we get older?

What are the signs of frailty?

Some of the symptoms of frailty may simply be dismissed as part of old age. However, if a loved one is experiencing the following symptoms it may be a sign they are experiencing frailty.

Weight Loss

Frailty is often characterised by unplanned weight loss of five or more kilograms in a year.

Fatigue

Those experiencing frailty often feel overtired, have low energy and a strong desire to sleep that interferes with normal daily activities.

Loss of strength

Noticeable muscle loss and weakness and reduced grip strength can be a sign of frailty.

Walking speed

Frailty can be characterised by a slow walking pace or a noticeably slower gait.

Increased falls

Suffering from falls or having an increasing fear of falling are both signs that you may be experiencing frailty, which can increase the risk of falls in elderly.

Reduced cognition

Noticeable signs of cognitive decline may be a symptom of frailty. Those experiencing frailty are at increased risk of developing dementia.

How to reduce the risk of frailty

The good news is that there are several steps you can take to reduce your risk of frailty as you get older. While frailty is often seen as an ‘old people’s problem’ action you take in your younger years can help to reduce your risk.

Remain physically active

As we age, it can be difficult to remain physically active. However, remaining active can help to reduce the risk of becoming frail.

Maintain a balanced diet and proper nutrition

Maintaining a healthy balanced diet and adequate nutrition can help to maintain muscle mass and function. In particular, you should ensure that you are incorporating enough protein, vitamins and minerals into your diet. It is also essential to make sure you stay properly hydrated as dehydration can increase your risk of frailty.

Remain socially active

As we get older, it can be more difficult to remain socially active. However, studies show that social isolation can increase the risk of becoming frail. Therefore, the benefits of social interaction can be significant. To reduce social isolation, stay in regular contact with family and friends. You could also consider joining planned activity groups. Alternatively, you can find activities through local councils, libraries, community centres, Neighbourhood Houses or Men’s Sheds

Maintain cognitive stimulation

Participating in mentally stimulating activities such as puzzles, reading and learning new skills can help to reduce your risk of frailty.

Frailty is not a normal part of ageing. Taking the steps above can help reduce your risk and support healthier ageing.

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Article References

Australian Frailty Network (n.d) ‘Frailty needs to be addressed as a health issue, not an age issue’, Australian Frailty Network, accessed 23 June 2025.

Dent, E (6 June 2025) ‘Frailty needs to be addressed as a health issue, not an age issue’, The Australian, accessed 23 June 2025.

Victorian Department Of Health (n.d) ‘Frailty’, Victorian Department Of Health‘, accessed 23 June 2025.

Your Family Doctors (n.d) ‘Aging Strong – Promoting Healthy Aging and Overcoming Frailty’, Your Family Doctors, accessed 23 June 2025.